Country | Viet Nam |
Population | 8435700 |
Area | 3,359.84 km2 (1,297.24 sq mi) |
Time Zone | UTC+07:00 (ICT) |
Coordinates | 21.0245, 105.84117 |
Highest elevation | 1,296 m (4,252 ft) |
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City Description
Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, is a city that merges rich historical heritage with rapid modern development. Located in northern Vietnam, Hanoi is bordered by the Red and Black Rivers, giving rise to its name, which translates to “inside the river.” The city spans 3,359.84 square kilometers (1,297.24 square miles) and has a population of approximately 8.44 million as of 2022.
Hanoi’s history dates back to the third century BCE with the construction of the Cổ Loa Citadel by the Âu Lạc civilization. For nearly a millennium, the area was under Chinese rule until 1010, when Emperor Lý Thái Tổ established the capital of Đại Việt here, naming it Thăng Long, meaning “Ascending Dragon.” The city’s name changed to Đông Kinh (Tokyo) in 1428 and later to Hanoi in 1831 under the Nguyễn dynasty. It served as the capital of French Indochina from 1902 to 1945 and became the capital of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam after the August Revolution. In 2008, the incorporation of Hà Tây Province and other rural districts significantly expanded Hanoi’s area, tripling its size.
Geographically, Hanoi sits on the fertile plains of the Red River Delta, providing a strategic and scenic location. The city’s climate is characterized by hot, humid summers and mild, dry winters, making it a place of diverse seasonal experiences.
Culturally, Hanoi is the heart of Northern Vietnam, with deep-rooted traditions and a rich tapestry of cultural landmarks. The city is home to the Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum, reflecting its historical and political significance. The city’s architecture ranges from well-preserved French colonial buildings to modern skyscrapers, with bustling markets and serene lakes like Hoàn Kiếm and West Lake adding to its charm.
Hanoi’s human resources are bolstered by a strong educational framework, including the Vietnam National University and numerous other institutions. The city is a center for governmental activities, hosting 78 foreign embassies and the headquarters of the People’s Army of Vietnam.
Economically, Hanoi is a powerhouse, contributing significantly to Vietnam’s GDP with a gross regional domestic product of $51.4 billion in 2022. The city’s economy is diversified, with robust industries in manufacturing, commerce, and services. Its strategic location and infrastructure make it a key hub for trade and investment in the region.
Tourism is a vital part of Hanoi’s economy, with 18.7 million visitors in 2022. The city offers a rich array of attractions, from historic sites like the Imperial Citadel and the Old Quarter to natural escapes like Ba Vì National Park. The ongoing development of the Hanoi Metro, with eight lines planned, and numerous housing projects are reshaping the urban landscape, enhancing connectivity and living standards.
Hanoi’s fusion of historical depth and modern dynamism makes it a fascinating city that continues to grow and evolve, maintaining its status as a pivotal cultural, economic, and political center in Vietnam.
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