Country | India |
Time Zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
Coordinates | 25.59408, 85.13563 |
Highest elevation | 53 m (174 ft) |
City Gallery
City Description
Patna, historically known as Pataliputra, is the capital and largest city of Bihar, India. This city, with a rich history spanning over two millennia, is a vibrant mix of ancient heritage and modern growth. According to the United Nations, Patna had a population of 2.35 million in 2018, making it the 19th largest city in India. Its urban agglomeration, covering 250 square kilometers and hosting over 2.5 million people, ranks as the 15th largest in the country.
Situated on the southern bank of the Ganges River, Patna also straddles the rivers Son, Gandak, and Punpun. The city’s geographical layout is approximately 35 kilometers in length and 16 to 18 kilometers in width. This prime location has made Patna a significant center for culture, trade, and governance throughout its long history.
Founded in 490 BCE by the king of Magadha, Patna—then known as Pataliputra—was the capital of the Magadha Empire during the Haryanka, Nanda, Mauryan, Shunga, Gupta, and Pala dynasties. It was a hub of learning and fine arts, home to renowned scholars and astronomers like Aryabhata, Vātsyāyana, and Chanakya. During the Maurya period, around 300 BCE, its population was estimated to be about 400,000, making it one of the largest cities of its time.
After the fall of the Gupta Empire, Patna’s significance waned until the British revived it in the 17th century as a center of international trade. Following the partition of the Bengal presidency in 1912, Patna became the capital of Bihar and Orissa Province. Despite economic downturns after India’s independence and the separation of Jharkhand from Bihar, Patna has maintained a stable economy.
Economically, Patna has a robust base with numerous industries operating in and around the city. As per the Directorate of Economics and Statistics, the nominal GDP of Patna District was estimated at INR 63,176.55 crores in 2011-12. Patna’s per capita GDP was ₹1,08,657, placing it ahead of many other Indian cities and state capitals. The city is recognized as the 21st fastest-growing city in the world and the 5th fastest-growing city in India, with an average annual growth rate of 3.72% from 2006 to 2010. In June 2009, the World Bank ranked Patna second in India, after Delhi, for ease of starting a business.
Culturally, Patna is surrounded by significant Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain pilgrimage centers, including Vaishali, Rajgir, Nalanda, Bodh Gaya, and Pawapuri. Additionally, Patna is a sacred city for Sikhs as the birthplace of the tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh. The city’s rich cultural heritage is reflected in its numerous historical sites, museums, and educational institutions.
Patna also serves as the seat of the Patna High Court and houses various educational and research institutions, such as Patna University, the Indian Institute of Technology Patna (IIT Patna), and the National Institute of Technology Patna (NIT Patna). These institutions contribute to a skilled workforce that drives the city’s economy and technological advancements.
The city’s infrastructure has seen significant improvements, with modern amenities and facilities catering to the needs of its growing population. Public transportation is well-developed, with buses, auto-rickshaws, and a burgeoning metro project aimed at easing urban mobility. Patna’s strategic location along the Ganges River also makes it a crucial node for trade and logistics.
Tourism in Patna is on the rise, thanks to its historical significance and cultural landmarks. The Patna Museum, Golghar, and Patna Sahib Gurudwara are popular attractions. The city’s festivals, such as Chhath Puja and Makar Sankranti, are celebrated with great fervor, adding to its cultural vibrancy.
In summary, Patna is a city that harmoniously blends its ancient heritage with modern growth and innovation. Its strategic location, economic vitality, rich cultural landscape, and strong educational base make it a pivotal city in India. As Patna continues to evolve, it remains a dynamic and resilient city, offering endless opportunities for residents, businesses, and visitors alike.
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