Country | India |
Population | 1159227 |
Area | 139 km2 (54 sq mi) |
Time Zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
Coordinates | 31.62234, 74.87534 |
Highest elevation | None |
City Gallery
City Description
Amritsar, historically known as Rāmdāspur and colloquially as Ambarsar, is the second-largest city in the Indian state of Punjab, after Ludhiana. Located in the Majha region, Amritsar serves as a major cultural, transportation, and economic center. It is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar district, situated 217 km (135 miles) northwest of Chandigarh and 455 km (283 miles) northwest of New Delhi. The city lies just 28 km (17.4 miles) from the India-Pakistan border and 47 km (29 miles) northeast of Lahore, Pakistan.
According to the 2011 census, Amritsar had a population of 1,132,383, making it one of the ten municipal corporations in the state. As of 2018, the United Nations reported that Amritsar is the second-most populous city in Punjab and the most populous metropolitan region in the state, with a population of approximately 2 million. The city forms the center of the Amritsar Metropolitan Region.
Amritsar’s history is rich and profound. Founded in 1577 by the fourth Sikh Guru, Guru Ram Das, the city holds immense historical and spiritual significance for the Sikh religion. The Golden Temple, or Harmandir Sahib, stands as the most important spiritual site in Sikhism. Attracting nearly a hundred thousand visitors daily, the Golden Temple is renowned for its serene beauty and the langar (community kitchen) that serves free meals to all visitors.
Geographically, Amritsar is located in the fertile plains of the Punjab region. The city’s layout includes narrow bustling streets, historic sites, and a blend of old and new architecture. The climate is characterized by hot summers, with temperatures reaching up to 45°C (113°F), and cold winters, with temperatures dropping to around 4°C (39°F).
Culturally, Amritsar is a melting pot of Punjabi traditions and modern influences. The city is famous for its vibrant festivals, such as Baisakhi, Diwali, and Gurpurab, which are celebrated with great enthusiasm. Amritsari cuisine, known for its rich flavors and hearty dishes, is a highlight for food lovers. Delicacies like Amritsari kulcha, butter chicken, and lassi are popular among locals and tourists alike.
Amritsar is also known for its unique wooden chessboard and chess piece manufacturing industry, contributing to the city’s economy and cultural heritage. The city is a major center for trade and commerce in Punjab, with bustling markets and shopping areas like Hall Bazaar and Katra Jaimal Singh.
In terms of human resources, Amritsar is home to several prestigious educational institutions, including Guru Nanak Dev University, which attracts students from across India and abroad. The presence of these institutions ensures a well-educated and skilled workforce that supports the city’s various industries.
Economically, Amritsar is the capital of Punjab, playing a crucial role in the state’s economy. The city’s strategic location near the India-Pakistan border makes it a vital trade hub. Amritsar’s economy is diverse, with significant contributions from tourism, manufacturing, and agriculture. The city’s inclusion in the Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY) program by the Government of India highlights its importance as a heritage city.
Transportation in Amritsar is well-developed, with robust connectivity by road, rail, and air. Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport connects the city to major domestic and international destinations. The city’s railway station is one of the busiest in Punjab, facilitating easy travel to various parts of India.
Amritsar’s urban landscape is a blend of historical sites and modern infrastructure. The city’s landmarks include the Jallianwala Bagh, a memorial to the tragic massacre in 1919, and the Partition Museum, which documents the history and impact of the partition of India in 1947.
In summary, Amritsar is a city where history, culture, and modernity converge. Its rich heritage, vibrant culture, strategic location, and economic significance make it a fascinating place to live, work, and visit. Whether exploring its historical landmarks, indulging in its culinary delights, or witnessing its spiritual serenity, Amritsar offers a unique and enriching experience for residents and visitors alike.
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