Country | Peru |
Population | 1008290 |
Area | 69 km2 (27 sq mi) |
Time Zone | UTC-5 (PET) |
Coordinates | -16.39889, -71.535 |
Highest elevation | 2,335 m (7,661 ft) |
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City Description
Arequipa, the second-largest city in Peru after Lima, is a captivating destination known for its rich history and vibrant culture. Nestled in the southern part of the country, Arequipa sits at an altitude of about 2,335 meters (7,661 feet) above sea level, surrounded by dramatic volcanic landscapes, including the majestic Misti Volcano.
Often referred to as the “White City” due to its distinctive white volcanic stone architecture, Arequipa’s urban population stands at around 1,296,278, making it a bustling metropolis. The city serves as the capital of the Arequipa Department and is an influential economic and industrial hub in Peru, boasting a nominal GDP of approximately US$9,445 million as of 2015. This positions Arequipa as the second most economically active city in the country, with a per capita income of US$10,277.
Arequipa’s economic landscape is diverse, featuring a strong industrial sector with significant activities in textile production, especially wool from camelids, and manufacturing. The city has established important trade connections with neighboring countries like Chile, Bolivia, and Brazil, as well as with the port of Matarani through the South trainway.
Founded on August 15, 1540, by Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro as the “Beautiful Villa of Our Lady of the Assumption,” Arequipa was officially named on September 22, 1541, by King Carlos V. The city quickly gained prominence during the colonial period for its economic vitality and staunch loyalty to the Spanish Crown, earning the title “Very Noble and Very Loyal.”
In the modern era, Arequipa has been a focal point for popular and civic movements, reflecting its vibrant political and cultural life. The city’s historical center, covering 332 hectares, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, celebrated for its exceptional blend of Spanish colonial and indigenous architecture. This unique style, known as the “Arequipeña School,” has had a lasting influence, extending even to Potosí in Bolivia.
Arequipa’s cultural scene is enriched by its traditional festivals, culinary delights, and notable historical sites. The city is also home to the Constitutional Court of Peru, reinforcing its status as the “legal capital” of the nation. The local economy benefits from robust tourism, driven by the city’s historic charm and scenic beauty, attracting visitors from around the globe.
Overall, Arequipa stands out for its rich heritage, economic significance, and picturesque setting, making it a key city in Peru’s cultural and economic landscape.
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