Country | Azerbaijan |
Population | 958 |
Area | 2,140 km2 (830 sq mi) |
Time Zone | UTC+4 (AZT) |
Coordinates | 40.37767, 49.89201 |
Highest elevation | −28 m (−92 ft) |
City Gallery
City Description
Baku, the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, is a vibrant metropolis situated on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula, along the Bay of Baku. With an urban population estimated at two million people as of 2009, Baku is not only the largest city on the Caspian Sea but also the largest city in the Caucasus region. Remarkably, Baku is located 28 meters (92 feet) below sea level, making it the lowest-lying national capital in the world and the largest city globally below sea level.
Baku is a city of contrasts, where ancient history meets modern development. The Old City, also known as Icherisheher, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, home to historical landmarks such as the Palace of the Shirvanshahs and the Maiden Tower. This walled city, with its narrow alleys and ancient architecture, provides a glimpse into Baku’s rich past, dating back to the medieval era.
Geographically, Baku is divided into twelve administrative raions and 48 townships, including the islands of the Baku Archipelago and the industrial settlement of Neft Daşları, built on oil rigs 60 kilometers (37 miles) away from the city in the Caspian Sea. This unique urban structure reflects Baku’s significant role in the oil industry, which has been a cornerstone of its economy since the early 20th century.
Culturally, Baku is the scientific, cultural, and industrial center of Azerbaijan. The city hosts numerous museums, theaters, and cultural institutions, showcasing Azerbaijani heritage and contemporary art. The Flame Towers, with their iconic modern design, symbolize the city’s rapid modernization and economic growth. Baku’s cultural landscape is further enriched by its diverse population and the blend of Eastern and Western influences.
Baku has emerged as a prominent venue for international events in recent years. The city hosted the 57th Eurovision Song Contest in 2012, the 2015 European Games, the 4th Islamic Solidarity Games, and the European Grand Prix in 2016. Since 2017, Baku has been the host of the Azerbaijan Grand Prix, and it also hosted the final of the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League and was one of the host cities for UEFA Euro 2020. These events have placed Baku on the global stage, attracting visitors and boosting the local economy.
Economically, Baku is a powerhouse, with its economy heavily reliant on the oil and gas industry. The city is home to the Baku International Sea Trade Port, which handles two million tonnes of general and dry bulk cargoes per year. This port is a crucial hub for trade and transportation, linking Azerbaijan with international markets. Besides oil, Baku’s economy is diversified with sectors like construction, banking, telecommunications, and tourism playing significant roles.
The city’s infrastructure is well-developed, with a comprehensive public transportation system that includes buses, trams, and a metro network. The Heydar Aliyev International Airport connects Baku to major cities worldwide, facilitating international travel and commerce. The city’s skyline is continually evolving, with new skyscrapers and modern buildings reshaping its urban landscape.
Baku is also known for its harsh winds, earning it the nickname “City of Winds.” These winds, along with its semi-arid climate, influence the city’s weather patterns, making it prone to sudden changes in temperature and conditions.
In terms of human resources, Baku boasts a highly educated population, supported by several prestigious educational institutions. Baku State University, the Azerbaijan Medical University, and the Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University are some of the leading institutions that contribute to the city’s intellectual capital and innovation.
Tourism in Baku is thriving, with visitors drawn to its unique blend of history, culture, and modernity. The city offers a range of attractions, from the historic Old City to the futuristic architecture of the Flame Towers. The Baku Boulevard, a promenade along the Caspian Sea, is a popular spot for locals and tourists alike, offering scenic views and recreational activities.
In summary, Baku is a city where history and modernity coexist harmoniously. Its strategic location, rich cultural heritage, dynamic economy, and role as a global event host make it a fascinating and vibrant place. Whether exploring its ancient landmarks, enjoying its modern amenities, or experiencing its cultural diversity, Baku offers a unique and enriching experience for residents and visitors alike.
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