Country | Egypt |
Population | 22183000 |
Area | 2,734 km2 (1,056 sq mi) |
Time Zone | UTC+02:00 (EST) |
Coordinates | 30.06263, 31.24967 |
Highest elevation | 23 m (75 ft) |
City Gallery
City Description
Cairo, Egypt’s bustling capital, is a sprawling metropolis that serves as the heart of the nation’s political, cultural, and economic life. With over 10 million residents in the city proper and more than 22.1 million in the Greater Cairo metropolitan area, it stands as the largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the Arab world, and the Middle East. This makes it the 12th largest in the world by population.
Cairo’s historical significance is profound, linked closely with ancient Egypt. The city is located near the Giza pyramid complex and the ancient cities of Memphis and Heliopolis. Cairo’s roots trace back to 641 when it was established as Fustat following the Muslim conquest of Egypt. The city we know today was founded by the Fatimid dynasty in 969 and evolved as the main urban center during the Ayyubid and Mamluk periods from the 12th to the 16th centuries. The historic center of Cairo, a testament to its rich Islamic architecture, was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979, earning it the nickname “the city of a thousand minarets.”
Geographically, Cairo is strategically situated near the Nile Delta, offering a vital lifeline to its residents and contributing to its vibrant economy. The city’s cultural tapestry is enriched by its ancient landmarks, including the world-renowned Pyramids of Giza, the Sphinx, and the Egyptian Museum, which houses a vast collection of artifacts, including the treasures of Tutankhamun.
Cairo is also a significant hub for education and the arts. It is home to Al-Azhar University, established in 970, which is one of the oldest and most prestigious Islamic universities globally. The city boasts the oldest and largest film and music industry in the Arab world, reinforcing its status as a cultural epicenter. International media, businesses, and organizations frequently set up their regional headquarters in Cairo, including the Arab League, which has been headquartered there for most of its existence.
Cairo’s infrastructure includes the Cairo Metro, Africa’s first and busiest metro system, which opened in 1987. It ranks among the top 15 busiest in the world, with over 1 billion annual passenger rides. Despite its significant advancements, the city grapples with challenges typical of megacities, such as high levels of pollution and traffic congestion.
Economically, Cairo is a powerhouse in the Middle East. In 2005, it was ranked first in the region, and in 2010, it was placed 43rd globally on Foreign Policy’s Global Cities Index. The city’s economy is diverse, with sectors ranging from manufacturing and telecommunications to tourism and finance.
Cairo’s vibrant street life, bustling bazaars like Khan El Khalili, and its profound historical and cultural heritage make it a unique blend of the ancient and modern. It continues to be a pivotal player on both the regional and global stage, reflecting its enduring legacy and dynamic future.
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