Country | Bolivia |
Population | 757184 |
Area | 472 km2 (182 sq mi) |
Time Zone | UTC−4 (BOT) |
Coordinates | -16.5, -68.15 |
Highest elevation | 3,640 m (11,942 ft) |
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City Description
La Paz, officially known as Nuestra Señora de La Paz, serves as the administrative capital of Bolivia. Nestled in a dramatic canyon carved by the Choqueyapu River, the city boasts a population of approximately 816,044 residents as of 2020, making it the third-largest city in Bolivia. Its metropolitan area, which includes El Alto, Achocalla, Viacha, and Mecapaca, is the second most populous urban area in Bolivia, home to around 2.2 million people, just behind Santa Cruz de la Sierra.
Situated in west-central Bolivia, La Paz is about 68 km (42 miles) southeast of Lake Titicaca. The city sits in a bowl-like depression, surrounded by the towering peaks of the Altiplano. Overlooking the city is the majestic Illimani mountain, whose snow-capped peaks are visible from many parts of La Paz. At an elevation of roughly 3,650 meters (11,975 feet) above sea level, La Paz holds the title of the highest capital city in the world. Its altitude contributes to its unique subtropical highland climate, characterized by rainy summers and dry winters.
Founded on October 20, 1548, by Spanish conquistador Captain Alonso de Mendoza, La Paz was initially established at the site of the Inca settlement of Laja. It was created as a strategic connection between the commercial routes from Potosí and Oruro to Lima. The city’s full name, Nuestra Señora de La Paz, translates to “Our Lady of Peace,” commemorating the restoration of peace after the insurrection led by Gonzalo Pizarro and other conquistadors against the first viceroy of Peru. The city was later relocated to its current location in the Chuquiago Marka valley.
During Spanish colonial rule, La Paz was part of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. It became a focal point for various revolts, including the notable siege by indigenous leader Túpac Katari in 1781, who laid siege to the city for six months before being defeated. The city played a significant role in Bolivia’s fight for independence, with the Bolivian patriot Pedro Domingo Murillo igniting the revolution on July 16, 1809. This event marked the beginning of the Spanish American Wars of Independence, leading to the liberation of South American states in 1821.
Today, La Paz is the seat of Bolivia’s government, hosting the Palacio Quemado, the presidential palace, and the Plurinational Legislative Assembly. It is the hub for many government departments and international missions, while Sucre remains the constitutional capital and judicial center. La Paz contributes 24% to Bolivia’s gross domestic product and serves as a vital center for numerous Bolivian companies and industries.
Culturally, La Paz is a vibrant city with a rich heritage. It is home to historical landmarks such as the San Francisco Church, the Metropolitan Cathedral, and the Plaza Murillo, as well as Jaén Street. The city is situated at the intersection of the Tiwanaku and Inca archaeological regions, adding to its cultural significance. La Paz’s markets, including the famous Witches’ Market, are renowned for their unique offerings and vibrant atmosphere. The city’s nightlife and scenic views from various natural vantage points offer a lively urban experience. Notably, La Paz features the largest urban cable car network in the world, adding a unique dimension to its urban transport and tourism.
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