Country | Peru |
Population | 9751717 |
Area | 2,672.3 km2 (1,031.8 sq mi) |
Time Zone | UTC−5 (PET) |
Coordinates | -12.04318, -77.02824 |
Highest elevation | 0–1,550 m (0–5,090 ft) |
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City Description
Lima, the capital and largest city of Peru, is a vibrant and dynamic metropolis located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac, and Lurín rivers, overlooking the Pacific Ocean. Founded in 1535 by Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro, Lima was originally called Ciudad de los Reyes, or “City of Kings.” Today, it is the political, cultural, financial, and commercial heart of Peru, categorized as a “beta” tier city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network due to its strategic importance.
As of the 2023 census projection, Lima has an estimated population of 10,092,000, making it the most populous city in Peru and the second most populous in the Americas after São Paulo. Including the contiguous urban area of Callao, known as the Lima Metropolitan Area, the population reaches 11,342,100, making it one of the thirty most populated urban agglomerations in the world.
Lima’s rich history is deeply intertwined with the colonial period. The city’s name is derived from the native Limaq, referring to an ancient agricultural region. During the Viceroyalty of Peru, Lima became the capital and most important city, serving as the administrative and economic hub of Spanish colonial power in South America. Following the Peruvian War of Independence, Lima continued as the capital of the Republic of Peru.
Geographically, Lima is situated in a coastal desert, with its climate characterized by mild temperatures and high humidity. The city’s strategic location along the coast has historically made it a vital seaport. The Constitutional Province of Callao, which is part of the Lima Metropolitan Area, houses the main seaport and the Jorge Chávez International Airport, Peru’s primary gateway for international flights.
Culturally, Lima is a melting pot of indigenous, European, African, and Asian influences, reflecting its diverse population and rich history. The city is home to numerous museums, art galleries, and historical sites, including the famous Plaza Mayor, the Monastery of San Francisco, and the Government Palace. Lima’s culinary scene is renowned worldwide, with the city being recognized as the gastronomic capital of Latin America. Peruvian cuisine, particularly its seafood dishes like ceviche, draws food enthusiasts from around the globe.
Lima has hosted several significant international events, underscoring its global standing. These include the 2019 Pan American Games, the APEC Meetings of 2008 and 2016, the Annual Meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group in 2015, the United Nations Climate Change Conference in 2014, and the Miss Universe 1982 contest.
Economically, Lima is a powerhouse within Peru and the region. The city’s economy is diverse, with key sectors including finance, manufacturing, and commerce. The financial district of San Isidro is home to numerous multinational corporations and financial institutions, making it the economic engine of the city. The Port of Callao is one of the busiest ports in South America, playing a crucial role in Peru’s international trade.
Lima is also an educational hub, hosting some of the country’s most prestigious universities, such as the National University of San Marcos, the oldest continuously operating university in the Americas, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. These institutions contribute to a highly skilled workforce that drives the city’s innovation and economic growth.
The city’s infrastructure includes an extensive public transportation system, with the Metropolitan Bus Rapid Transit system and the Lima Metro serving millions of residents daily. However, Lima faces challenges such as traffic congestion, air pollution, and urban sprawl, which the local government is continuously working to address.
In summary, Lima is a city of contrasts and opportunities, where historical heritage and modernity coexist. Its strategic location, diverse culture, robust economy, and significant influence in regional and global affairs make it a fascinating and essential city in Latin America.
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