Country | Indonesia |
Population | 675468 |
Area | 118.21 km2 (45.64 sq mi) |
Time Zone | UTC+7 (IWST) |
Coordinates | -0.03194, 109.325 |
Highest elevation | 1 m (3 ft) |
City Gallery
City Description
Pontianak, also known as Khuntien, is the capital of West Kalimantan province in Indonesia. Established as a trading port on Borneo, the city covers an area of 118.21 km² at the confluence of the Kapuas River and its major tributary, the Landak River. Pontianak’s unique geographical position on the equator earns it the nickname Kota Khatulistiwa (Equatorial City). The city center lies less than 3 kilometers south of the equator, making it a notable landmark.
As of 2023, Pontianak is the 23rd most populous city in Indonesia and the fourth most populous city on Borneo, with a population of 675,468, almost evenly split between males and females. The 2020 Census recorded a population of 658,685 within the city limits, indicating steady growth. The city has significant suburbs outside its limits, contributing to its bustling urban environment.
Pontianak’s origins date back to a small Malay fishing village at the mouth of the Kapuas River. It later became the seat of the Pontianak Sultanate. Following an agreement with the Dutch Government, it was incorporated into the Dutch East Indies. During the colonial era, Pontianak served as the seat of the Residentie Westerafdeeling van Borneo, a residency of the Dutch East Indies. The city has a poignant history, including the tragic Pontianak massacre during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, where many Malay aristocrats, sultans, and other ethnic groups were massacred by the Imperial Japanese Navy, notably in the Massacre of Mandor.
After the Japanese surrender, Pontianak became part of the Republic of Indonesia and was designated as the capital city of West Kalimantan. Today, Pontianak is a vibrant multicultural city, home to various ethnic groups, including the Dayak, Malay, Bugis, and Chinese, alongside immigrants such as Javanese, Madurese, Bataks, Ambonese, Papuans, and Manadonese. This cultural diversity has created a unique blend of traditions, languages, and cuisines not found in other parts of Indonesia. Multiple languages are spoken in the city, including Pontianak Malay, Dayak languages, different Chinese dialects, Javanese, Batak, and Bugis.
Pontianak is well-connected by air, with Supadio International Airport offering flights to other Indonesian cities and Malaysia, including Kuala Lumpur and Kuching. The Trans Kalimantan Road connects Pontianak to major cities in Kalimantan, such as Palangkaraya, Banjarmasin, Balikpapan, Samarinda, and Tanjung Selor, as well as towns within West Kalimantan like Ketapang, Singkawang, and Sintang. The highway also facilitates travel to East Malaysia and Brunei, with several bus routes operating from Pontianak to Kuching and Bandar Seri Begawan.
Economically, Pontianak thrives as a major port city with robust maritime trade facilitated by the Port of Pontianak. The city’s economy is bolstered by its strategic location and rich natural resources. It serves as a significant export production hub for the province, with industries ranging from palm oil processing to rubber and timber. The city’s commitment to sustainability is reflected in its mandate for solar-water heaters in all new buildings, showcasing its dedication to environmental friendliness.
In conclusion, Pontianak is a dynamic and diverse city with a rich history, strategic geographical location, and a blend of cultural influences that make it a unique and important urban center in Indonesia.
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